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Surgery and High-Dose SBRT Radiation Can Be Combined to Treat Kidney Cancer

A new study from Roswell Park Cancer Institute reporting the findings of the first clinical trial to evaluate the immune effects of high-dose radiation therapy followed by surgery in patients with advanced kidney cancer may also set the stage for combination treatments with immunotherapy. The research, published in Clinical Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, shows that nephrectomy can be effectively paired with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), and also provides strong evidence that immunotherapy may be an effective third element to incorporate into this combination therapy strategy.

In a pilot clinical study, 14 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma were treated with SBRT in a single administration, or fraction, followed 4 weeks later by cytoreductive nephrectomy, or surgery to remove or reduce the size of their tumors. The team set out to assess the safety and feasibility of this approach and analyze the immunological impact of high-dose radiation. Based on their preliminary studies in the lab, the team monitored patients' tumors for expression of immunomodulatory molecules and tumor-associated antigens.

"We saw a significant increase in calreticulin and other molecules that stimulate T cells," says, Anurag Singh, MD, a professor of oncology and director of radiation research with the department of radiation medicine at Roswell Park. "This suggests that it may be possible to improve the effectiveness of immunotherapies by first priming the pump with high-dose radiation."

The authors include a contributor from the Department of Radiation Oncology at the Medical University of South Carolina. The study, "A Pilot Study of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Combined with Cytoreductive Nephrectomy for Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma," is available at clincancerres.aacrjournals.org.

Source: Roswell Park Cancer Institute